Basic Component of EV

This article for beginner's of e-Mobility. 

this article is about understand the basic components of an Electric vehicle (EV) drivetrain system 

=======================================================================================================

Electric Vehicle(EV)

By definition, EVs are vehicles that are fully or partially powered on electric power or using energy stored in batteries.

There are four types of EVs

1. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
3. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
4. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

Types of vehicle differences will be discussed in the future topics.

Electric Vehicle Components

1. Traction Battery Pack
2. Battery (Auxiliary)
3. Power Inverter
4. DC/DC Converter
5. Controller
6. Transmission
7. Electric Traction Motor
8. Charger
9. Charge Port
10. Thermal System – Cooling

Traction Battery Pack

Stores electricity for use by the electric traction motor. An electric-vehicle battery (EVB, also known as a traction battery) is a battery used to power the electric motors of a BEV or HEV. 

EVBs are rechargeable batteries. These are arranged and form a group is known as "Battery Pack".  look into the above diagram batteries are placed series/parallel form and kept  below the vehicle.

function of traction battery is when it gets a signal from the controller, the battery will flow DC electrical energy to the inverter to then be used to drive the motor.

Battery(Auxiliary)

This is not a traction battery. this battery provides electricity to power vehicle accessories.

Power Inverter

There are two inverters in the vehicle

• Traction Inverter: this is called "Power Inverter". the function of inverter is coverts the DC to AC. 
• In the EV, DC is stored in the traction battery and AC required by electric motor so All EVs or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) use solid-state inverters to convert the direct current from the batteries or generators to three-phase alternating currents that drives the propulsion motors.
• auxiliary inverter: these are used for vehicle application such as EPS (electrical power steering), interior light, displays, air conditioning, climate compressor, electric charger (eTurbo) and active chassis control. etc

DC/DC Converter

This device converts higher-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery.

Controller

This unit manages the flow of electrical energy delivered by the traction battery, controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the torque it produces.

it receives the input from pedal (it is driver demand) and request an energy from battery. driver accelerator pedal is connected to the controller to send a signal as to how much energy is needed by the driver so this will determines the vehicle control and driving smoothness.

Transmission

The transmission transfers mechanical power from the electric traction motor to drive the wheels.

Electric Traction Motor

It is same as drive motor of IC (Internal-Combustion) engine. It uses the power of the current to turn the drive shaft. the electric traction motors that drives the wheels.

Charger

Charger is a battery charging device. 

Charging an electric vehicle is plug your vehicle into a charger that is connected to the electric grid.

There are 2 types of electric car chargers:

• On-board charger: the charger is located and installed in the car.
• Off-board charger: the charger is not located or not installed in the car.

EV charger categorized into three main categories: Level 1 charging stations, Level 2 charging stations, and DC Fast Chargers

Different “charging modes”

Charge Port

The charge port allows the vehicle to connect to an external power supply in order to charge the traction battery pack.

The Different EV Charging Connector Types

Thermal System – Cooling

This system maintains a proper operating temperature range of the engine, electric motor, power electronics, and other components.

Battery Thermal Management System(BTMS) is used in the EV to maintain the temperature and ensure the working of all power electronic circuits.

Heat is generated from battery due to discharge. the more rapidly you discharge a battery, the more heat it generates. because of excess heat, voltage differential on the surface of battery cell affect the battery functionality. 

The determining features of an electric vehicle battery cooling system are temperature range and uniformity, energy efficiency, size, weight, and ease of usage (i.e. implementation, maintenance).

============================================================================================================

Thanks for visiting the Post..!! 

=========================================================================================================